Pundits and talking heads, Republicans included, have been at a loss to offer a convincing explanation of the reason that Sarah Palin’s Vice Presidential nomination has so electrified a wide range of Republican factional constituencies. Left wing media commentators have generally fallen back on interpreting Palin as a base pick to appeal to religious conservatives, while old school conservative commentators like William Kristol, Charles Krauthammer and Peggy Noonan, along with a number of Alaska Republican friends of aspiring felons Ted Stevens and Frank Murkowski, have been puzzled by Palin’s popularity. These commentators miss the point. Sarah Palin’s popularity is founded not on her religious conservatism but on her ability to represent an older and more powerful political tradition in the GOP: that of the Rough Rider Republican.
Political commentators of both parties tend to analyze the parties as homogenous blocs (“the base’), or, among the more sophisticated, as groupings of ideological factions. However, parties are more complex than this. Groupings exist within each party of constituencies that are defined as much by political culture as ideology, and these political cultures exist across ideological and demographic lines. The reason that Sarah Palin is able to elicit excitement across such a broad swath of the Republican (and Independent) electorate is that she appeals strongly to the Rough Rider political culture that has existed in the party before the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, though it is most commonly associated with him.
Rough Rider Republicans are not defined by strict adherence to an all-encompassing ideology, but on a populist approach to politics that stresses the need to reform government to limit the influence of business and other interests upon it. This does not mean that they are anti-business. Rather, they are anti-malfeasance. Just like Theodore Roosevelt was able and willing to work closely with most business interests to promote economic growth while simultaneously engaging in trust-busting, Sarah Palin’s record in Alaska has been largely defined by her willingness to work closely with the oil and natural gas industry while at the same time limiting their influence with the Alaska government and stopping projects that she has felt were unfair to the state. Indeed, in the way she has approached government in Alaska, Palin has been almost the definition of a Rough Rider Republican. Rough Riders are:
- Populist.
- Nationalist.
- Reformist.
- Hate political machines.
- Pro-business.
- Anti-corruption.
- Have a romantic, but highly partisan, view of politics.
- Particularly hostile to corruption in own party.
- Believe in reform from within the system.
While these principles do not constitute a consistent worldview (by nature it is rather subjective), it likewise is not irreconcilable with other ideologies. For example, a Rough Rider can appeal to religious conservatives not because they have introduced policies religious conservatives favor (indeed, Governor Palin vetoed a ban on same sex benefits on state employees, and favors having popular referendum on abortion policies if Roe vs. Wade were to be overturned), but because religious conservatives are sympathetic to clean government initiatives and hostile to elites and political machines, and are receptive to the Rough Rider’s vision of political reform as a moral struggle.
Rough Rider political culture is nothing new in the Republican Party. While Theodore Roosevelt is the classic example of this approach to politics, aspects of it are also powerful in the careers of Abraham Lincoln, both Robert LaFollettes, and Ronald Reagan. However, it is a tradition that has tended to recede into the background during long periods of Republican administration, only to reappear suddenly as the party becomes more comfortable as the party of power. This has certainly been the case this year.
Palin represents the newest iteration of this political culture. While religious conservatism is a powerful force in Palin’s personal life, her policies as a public official have been more defined by civil libertarianism than by religious conservatism, as evidenced in the same-sex benefits veto. Indeed, many Alaska Republicans (allies of the Stevens machine, mostly) have been all over the airwaves denigrating her conservative credentials. The Republican old guard, columnists like Charles Krauthammer and Peggy Noonan have likewise been lukewarm. Like Mark Hannah, they worry whether McCain might ruin the party by putting “that damned cowboy” so close to the Presidency. They are right to be afraid, because Rough Riders by definition do not defer to the old guard.
If the elite interpretation of Sarah Palin were correct, I for one should be seriously off put by her. After all, I am generally socially liberal (pro-choice, think gay marriage should be decided by states, etc.) and have little on common ideologically with religious conservatives aside from the conviction that the United States is the only true hope for human progress. Yet I have been excited about Sarah Palin since I heard about her defeat of Murkowski, and have been openly rooting for her candidacy. Why? Because her Rough Rider message speaks to me more powerfully than any ideological differences we may have. For me, the primary difference between Republicans and Democrats is that Republicans stand up to authority, while Democrats crave more of it. I want more Republicans willing to take on the establishment, even if that establishment is Republican. Republicans of all ideological stripes are sick of leaders enthralled to interests, and hungry for leaders who, to paraphrase Mark Hannah’s complaint about Teddy Roosevelt, “won’t stay bought.” When we hear our leaders speak, we want to walk away hearing the Battle Hymn of the Republic, our party’s anthem, in our ears. We want bold leaders, brave leaders, and independent leaders. Sarah Palin, the next Teddy Roosevelt, gives us all of that, as well as confidence in the future.